Which type of decay involves the release of an alpha particle?

Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an unstable atomic nucleus releases an alpha particle, which consists of two protons and two neutrons. This process decreases the atomic number of the original atom by two and reduces its mass number by four, resulting in the formation of a new element. Alpha decay typically occurs in heavy nuclei, as it allows them to reach a more stable state.

In contrast, electron capture involves the absorption of an electron by a nucleus, leading to a decrease in the atomic number without the emission of particles, while beta decay involves the transformation of a neutron into a proton with the emission of a beta particle (an electron or positron). Isomeric transition is a process where a nucleus transitions from a higher energy state to a lower energy state, often accompanied by the emission of gamma radiation, but does not involve the release of alpha particles. Understanding the specific characteristics of alpha decay helps in identifying and properly classifying the different types of radioactive decay processes.