Which of the following is a potential effect of radiation exposure?

Nausea and vomiting are known potential effects of radiation exposure, particularly in cases of acute exposure or high doses of radiation. This response can be attributed to the impact that radiation has on rapidly dividing cells, which include those in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. When these cells are damaged due to radiation, it may lead to inflammation and other reactions that manifest as gastrointestinal distress, often including nausea and vomiting.

In contrast, while increased heartbeat and decreased appetite can occur in various medical conditions or stressful situations, they are not direct, well-established effects of radiation exposure. Improved immunity is not considered a consequence of radiation exposure; rather, radiation can suppress the immune system, further highlighting the relevance of understanding the harmful effects associated with radiation.