What type of radiation is emitted during beta decay?

Beta decay is a specific type of radioactive decay in which an unstable atomic nucleus transforms into a more stable configuration by emitting beta particles. These beta particles can either be electrons or positrons, depending on whether it is beta minus or beta plus decay. The emission of beta particles allows the nucleus to adjust its proton-to-neutron ratio, leading to a new element that is often in a lower energy state.

Understanding beta decay is fundamental in the study of nuclear reactions and radiation safety, as the properties of beta particles, including their charge and penetration ability, significantly influence how they interact with matter and biological tissues. This is crucial for establishing safety protocols and protective measures in environments that involve radioactive materials.