What is radioactive decay?

Radioactive decay is defined as the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy through the emission of radiation. This phenomenon occurs when an atom's nucleus is unstable due to an excess of energy or mass, leading it to release particles or electromagnetic waves in an attempt to reach a more stable state. The emissions can include alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays, depending on the type of decay process involved.

Understanding radioactive decay is crucial in various fields, such as nuclear medicine, radiometric dating, and understanding natural radioactivity. This process not only explains how certain materials lose their radioactivity over time but also has practical applications in diagnosing and treating diseases, as well as studying geological time scales.