What describes Compton scattering?

Compton scattering refers to the interaction between a photon (such as an X-ray or gamma ray) and a charged particle, typically an electron. In this process, the photon collides with an electron and transfers a portion of its energy to that electron. As a result, the photon loses some energy and continues with reduced energy after the collision. This reduction in energy is observable as an increase in the wavelength of the scattered photon, a phenomenon described by the Compton equation.

This is significant because Compton scattering is a key interaction mechanism in materials, particularly at intermediate energies, and is critical in applications such as medical imaging and radiation therapy. Understanding this interaction helps in predicting the behavior of radiation as it passes through various materials. The other options either describe different types of interactions or do not accurately reflect the characteristics of Compton scattering.