How can radionuclides that decay by electron capture be tracked?

Radionuclides that decay by electron capture primarily release x-rays or gamma rays during their decay process. In electron capture, an electron from an inner shell of an atom is absorbed by the nucleus, leading to a transformation of a proton into a neutron. This transformation results in a decrease in atomic number and is often followed by the emission of x-rays as electrons from higher energy levels drop down to fill the vacancy left by the captured electron. Additionally, gamma rays may be emitted due to the rearrangement of energy levels in the atom after this capture.

Tracking these emissions allows researchers and safety personnel to monitor the presence and activity of radionuclides that undergo electron capture. This method is crucial because it provides a reliable way to detect and quantify specific isotopes in various applications, including medical diagnostics and radiation safety.

In contrast, beta particles are associated with decay processes such as beta decay, while sound waves are not relevant in tracking radioactive decay. Lastly, tracking through chemical reactions does not provide the necessary specificity or direct measurement of the radionuclide's decay activity, as it involves interactions that could mask the radionuclide's presence.